Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is a common complication of AIDS, including Burkitt's Lymphoma in developed countries is clear. In USA, Burkitt's Lymphoma is more than 1000 times more common in AIDS patients than in the general population and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is the most common malignant complication of pediatric AIDS.
The impact of AIDS on the incidence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Burkitt's Lymphoma in African countries is much less clear, due to the lack of reliable incidence data.The strength of the association between AIDS and Burkitt's Lymphoma in the West indicates that some increase in incidence in Africa is likely although there are indication that the increase in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is less marked, at least in adults, than in the West.
This may be due to under-ascertainment of cases, different etiological factors or the earlier death of AIDS sufferers in Africa.The authors point out that Burkitt's Lymphoma is most common in rural areas of African where HIV infection is less prevalent and less common in the cities, where there is more HIV positive. They also suggest that children with AIDS from rural areas may be less likely to be referred to city hospitals than children already resident in city.
There are two major types of arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints. Cartilage is a protein substance that serves as a cushion between the bones of the joints. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting over 20 million people in the United States.
Osteoarthritis is mostly related to aging. With aging, the water content of the cartilage increases and the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates. Repetitive use of the joints over the years irritates and inflames the cartilage, causing joint pain and swelling. Eventually, cartilage begins to degenerate by flaking or forming tiny crevasses; in advanced cases, the cartilage cushion is completely lost. Loss of the cartilage causes friction between the bones, leading to pain and limitation of joint mobility.
Inflammation of the cartilage can also stimulate new bone outgrowths (spurs) to form around the joints.Affecting about 2 million Americans, Rheumatoid arthritis involves inflammation in the lining of the joints and/or other internal organs, and typically affects many different joints. It is typically chronic, with acute flare-ups. The inflamed joint lining (synovium), can invade and damage bone and cartilage. Inflammatory cells release enzymes that may digest bone and cartilage. The involved joint can lose its shape and alignment, resulting in pain and loss of movement.
The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not yet known, but Rheumatoid Arthritis is recognized as an autoimmune disease. The body's natural immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissue, causing inflammation and subsequent joint damage.Because both Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis involve destruction of cartilage around joints, stem cell therapy has the potential to help treat the disease by restoring some of the lost tissue.
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